Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a G₀W₀ and G₀W₀Г₀⁽¹⁾ benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
• Mujtaba Ikram and
• Kareem Morsy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 310–316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.28

• trend, which follows the behavior of metallic bandgaps. One exception is the zinc dimer, for which our bandgap from calculations is relatively high, which may be attributed to the van der Waals forces. The HOMO–LUMO gap trend shows that, at larger sizes, the behavior of the cluster becomes close to

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• microscope [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]. In this context, setae morphology and mesh size of the filtering structure and the surface chemistry and forces (e.g., van der Waals forces) of feeding structures and particles are of high importance, especially when the particles are of smaller diameter

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• delivery systems through van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds, π–π stacking, or electrostatic or hydrophobic interactions [24]. Several BODIPYs have been reported to be loaded into liposomes for cancer therapy [25]. Therefore, we speculated that BODIPY can be associated with our previously reported

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• basic principles [40]: (i) transpiration, occurring in the leaves, providing the driving force for the water flow to overcome gravity and (ii) the cohesion of water, provided by van der Waals forces between the water molecules. The conduits consist of the cell walls of the dead xylem cells. The water

• molecules flowing inside them are connected to each other and to the conduit walls by cohesion generated by van der Waals forces. The conduits are interconnected by pores, termed “pits”, which allow water to enter and leave the conduits on the way upwards (see Figure 4). In this way, a three-dimensional

• weak van der Waals forces, whose range is at most 100 nm [41]. It is, therefore, prone to become unstable upon perturbations, particularly upon the entry of small air bubbles (by, for instance, damage such as broken twigs). If large enough, these perturbations initiate a process termed “air seeding

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• are just van der Waals forces, which are weak [46]. Metal oxides such as TiO2 only have the O 2p orbital in their VB. In contrast , Bi-based oxide materials have an electronic structure in which O 2p and Bi 6s orbitals are paired in the VB. The bandgap of the semiconductor may be reduced to 3.0 eV

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• product in the form of a random network of fibers, referred to as nonwoven fabric, the stickiness of the freshly produced and thus fragile nanofiber nonwoven remains a problem. This is mainly because nanofibers strongly adhere to any surface because of van der Waals forces. In nature, there are animals

• because nanofibers strongly adhere to any surface due to van der Waals forces [9]. For a cylindrical fiber with radius R interacting with the plane surface of a semi-infinite body, the energy per unit length due to van der Waals interaction is given as [9]: with the Hamaker constant AH, which is according

• “construction elements” surrounded by a wool of nanofibers. This wool is used to capture prey, deploying van der Waals forces and additionally embedding the fibers into the viscous waxy layer of the insects’ cuticle [12][13]. One thread typically consists of 5000 to 30000 single fibers with a thickness of 10–30

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• individual SWNT tip can be imaged stably with high-resolution images. Therefore, this tip type can have deeper applications in the nano field. However, due to large van der Waals forces, multiple carbon nanotubes tend to attach to AFM probes. Based on the above approach, a simple method was proposed to

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• based on noncovalent interactions, including hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, van der Waals forces, π–π interaction, and electrostatic interaction. Moreover, the structural “fitting” effect may also have distinct adsorption behaviors for enantiomers. Therefore, the design of effective chiral

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• responsible for the loss of energy from a specific cantilever oscillation mode), because Qsupport ∝ 1/t3 [62]. The measurement of magnetic, electric, or van der Waals forces is, thus, best done with thin cantilevers. These cantilevers typically have resonance frequencies of a few tens of kilohertz (comparable

Bioselectivity of silk protein-based materials and their bio-inspired applications

• Hendrik Bargel,
• Vanessa T. Trossmann,
• Christoph Sommer and
• Thomas Scheibel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 902–921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.81

• interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces), and adhesive chemistry of biopolymers (various types of glues) [5]. On the level of tissues, multiple cell types work together to perform complex tasks, based on their hierarchical arrangement governing the exchange of information between different cell types. To

Recent advances in nanoarchitectures of monocrystalline coordination polymers through confined assembly

• Lingling Xia,
• Qinyue Wang and
• Ming Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 763–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.67

• function is quite attractive because this function is versatile even for nanoparticles. Electrodes of sodium-ion batteries can be fabricated by using the Ni–CN–Ni colloids as glue. The contribution to the adhesion strength among 2D coordination polymers was generally considered to be van der Waals forces

• [147]. However, the adhesion strength varied over time, sometimes reaching values even close to 100 N·cm−2, which is higher than to be expected from van der Waals forces. The non-uniform deposition of Ni–CN–Ni nanosheets caused by Marangoni flow was an important reason for the unstable value of the

Reliable fabrication of transparent conducting films by cascade centrifugation and Langmuir–Blodgett deposition of electrochemically exfoliated graphene

• Teodora Vićentić,
• Stevan Andrić,
• Vladimir Rajić and
• Marko Spasenović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 666–674, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.58

• break van der Waals forces, leading to exfoliation [20]. Electrochemical exfoliation offers an alternative to LPE that is both scalable and widely available. It has been used to make graphene for various applications, including energy storage [21][22]. Both ultrasound-assisted LPE and electrochemical

Comparative molecular dynamics simulations of thermal conductivities of aqueous and hydrocarbon nanofluids

• Adil Loya,
• Antash Najib,
• Fahad Aziz,
• Asif Khan,
• Guogang Ren and
• Kun Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 620–628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.54

• enables the system to keep the pressure constant but the volume is varied). The temperature of the nanofluid during simulation was maintained at 303 K with 1 bar pressure. Electrostatic and van der Waals forces were imparted on the nonbonded interaction for dispersion. Charges on the system were

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• with the oleic acid and oleylamine ligands present on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles through van der Waals forces to facilitate the dispersion of nanoparticles in aqueous solution. Further addition of ethylene glycol weakened the van der Waals interaction, causing decomposition of nanoparticle

Theoretical understanding of electronic and mechanical properties of 1T′ transition metal dichalcogenide crystals

• Seyedeh Alieh Kazemi,
• Sadegh Imani Yengejeh,
• Vei Wang,
• William Wen and
• Yun Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 160–171, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.11

• properties of the monolayers shows that the interlayer van der Waals forces can slightly weaken the TM–X covalent bonding strength, which can further influence the mechanical properties. These insights revealed by our theoretical studies may boost more applications of 1T′ TMD materials. Keywords: 1T

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• enough from the surface so that the van der Waals forces are negligible. The driving power is selected such that it provides a certain initial amplitude A0 of the probe oscillations (also far from the surface). This value is often called the amplitude of free oscillations. Next, we need to select a set

• . As the probe approaches the surface, its resonant frequency first shifts downward under the action of attractive forces (e.g., van der Waals forces or capillary forces), and then increases when repulsive forces become dominant (Figure 1b). In AM-AFM, the driving frequency is fixed and is equal to the

• the next measurement point. The VM does not imply separation with the surface, the probe is within the range of van der Waals forces almost all the time. Due to this, the scanning speed in flat areas increases significantly. We can consider the VM as a kind of feedback that during lateral movement

Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF₃)₄

• Alexey Prosvetov,
• Alexey V. Verkhovtsev,
• Gennady Sushko and
• Andrey V. Solov’yov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86

• with the results of [31]. The van der Waals forces between the atoms of the substrate and the adsorbed molecules are described by means of the Lennard-Jones potential: where and . Note that partial hydroxylation, surface defects, and broken O–H bonds may lead to a stronger interaction between Pt and

Self-assembly of amino acids toward functional biomaterials

• Huan Ren,
• Lifang Wu,
• Lina Tan,
• Yanni Bao,
• Yuchen Ma,
• Yong Jin and
• Qianli Zou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1140–1150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.85

• -ordered structures from a complex mixture via noncovalent interactions, including van der Waals forces, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonds, and stacking interactions [12][13]. Importantly, biomolecules, such as proteins, peptides, or biologically derived molecules, including de novo designed peptides or

Revealing the formation mechanism and band gap tuning of Sb₂S₃ nanoparticles

• Maximilian Joschko,
• Franck Yvan Fotue Wafo,
• Christina Malsi,
• Danilo Kisić,
• Ivana Validžić and
• Christina Graf

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1021–1033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.76

• with ethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol as solvent [29][30]. The authors reasoned the cleavage at the particle tips by weak van der Waals forces between (Sb4S6)n chains, of which the particles consisted, or by strongly bound ligands interfering with the crystal growth, respectively. However, as

Physical constraints lead to parallel evolution of micro- and nanostructures of animal adhesive pads: a review

• Thies H. Büscher and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 725–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.57

• released out of the contact into the gaps between the outgrowths. The non-ideal smooth surface of the pad, similar to a tyre profile, prevents aquaplaning and enhances solid–solid interactions which are not only important for adhesion enhancement, due to van der Waals forces, but also for friction

• . N. Gorb, Copyright 2001 Springer Nature. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0). The systems, situated above the solid horizontal line, preferably rely on van der Waals forces (dry adhesion), whereas the rest rely mostly on capillary and viscous forces (wet adhesion). Convergent evolution of an

Determining amplitude and tilt of a lateral force microscopy sensor

• Oliver Gretz,
• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Thomas Holzmann,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 517–524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.42

• experimental setup is to study an isolated surface feature, for instance, a defect or an adsorbate, on a flat terrace. In case of “normal” AFM, where the tip oscillates perpendicular to the surface, long-range forces including electrostatic and van der Waals forces contribute to the measured Δf signal, which

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• whether attractive or repulsive forces dominate. Red indicates areas where the repulsive double layer force dominates while blue indicates areas where the attractive van der Waals force dominates. When the double layer and van der Waals forces are equal, the total DLVO force is zero leading to a stable

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• difference between SEM and SICM images is that the ruffles might be too fragile and are retracted or collapse upon critical point drying. However, especially attractive van der Waals forces might lead to the attachment of ruffles on the membrane surface and, hence, their deformation under vacuum conditions

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• determined. Keywords: AFM force spectroscopy; composites; principle component analysis; structure–property correlation; van der Waals forces; Introduction The mechanical properties of small volumes of materials can be measured using various atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. The well-established force

• to a decrease in the lateral resolution compared to other AFM methods, such as tapping [28]. ncAFM is a more universal applicable method since it is carried out over the whole regime of attractive forces: It is sensitive to electrostatic forces (long range, >30 nm), van der Waals forces (intermediate

• electrostatic interactions since the zero line, Figure 1(I), is stable up to distances of Z < −5 nm. Hence, as the main source of the measured attractive forces we consider electrodynamic interactions (caused by charge fluctuations in dipoles), commonly summarized under the term van der Waals forces. For the